There's actually nothing in the Constitution that bars felons from becoming President, Senators, or Representatives. All of those offices specify only age and citizenship requirements. Only the Senate can bar people who otherwise meet citizenship and age requirements from holding office, and only after the person in question is convicted by the Senate in an impeachment trial. Even with a felony conviction, Trump could still be elected President. It would create an unprecedented political crisis, but a felony conviction in itself is not a disqualification. 

Charges do not legally bar Trump from running for President - New York Times

Aren't there states that won't allow an application from a felon so while they can still try to get elected they would do so at a disadvantage?

They can only exclude felons from state offices. They cannot override the provisions for federal offices like President or Congress, which are set by the United States Constitution. That can only be changed with a constitutional amendment.

An exception is U.S. Constitution, Amendment XIV, Section 3, which states that a person is disqualified from public office who has taken an oath to the Constitution and has engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or given aid or comfort to its enemies. Since the Senate acquitted Trump of inciting an insurrection following his second impeachment, the door has likely slammed shut on that provision. 

If Trump were to be incarcerated, which is almost 0, I'd image he could still win the presidency?  While in most states, those in prison are not allowed to vote, and in most conservative states they can't get their voting rights back until they are done with probation, and in some states its even harder to regain their voting rights.

This is something that baffles me about the US political system: convicts, in many states even former ones, are banned from voting, but at the same they could be voted into any office including the presidency.

In most other democratic countries, it's the other way around: convicts are allowed to vote, but persons with a criminal record cannot be elected into offices, and if they get caught breaking the law they're pretty much forced to resign unless they want to break yet another law.

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We are going to have to see how this all plays out but this is what I read a while ago about this specific document case.  

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-11093827/Clinton-linked-lawyer-says-Trump-BANNED-holding-public-office.html

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Couldn't have said it better myself, Donald.

The funny part this video is that my brother and I was talking about this exact same thing.  The fact that Trump made this statement and they are there clapping, standing up and feeling empowered as he make a statement that says, I can talk about something that directly affect your lives and you barely care.  I talk about a subject that you may never experience or come across and you give me a standing ovation.

Funny enough there was another article I read that talks about how the GOP very much is happy that their constituents never actually read anything.  What they mean by that is like the indictment against Trump for the classified documents.  Even before it was released to the public, GOP was talking about how political the indictment was before they ever read what it was about.  Even now the majority of Republicans have not read it which is why GOP feel they can say pretty much anything because their constituents will never actually read the indictment and know just how damaging it is.  This is not just Trump hold on to some documents or even on the same level as Biden having some documents in his garage.  Its him actively trying to keep those documents when he was giving ample opportunity to turn them over.