Something recurring in the game that implants itself in ones nostalgia. I have a few. 

Quest complete The Witcher 3.

MGSV TPPs time skip sound.

MGS Konami intro in MGS1

Zelda Chest opening 

Phenix wright's court section

Anything Koji Kondo touched was magic for me. Sprinkle in some David Wise, a touch of O'Donnell, and a healthy helping of Final Fantasy games up to FFX, and you just about have my entire list.

GameCube menu. Sonic Adventure. Zelda BotW & TotK induce an unreasonable amount of nostalgia within me.

(Also, Skylanders Spyro’s Adventure (but that’s mostly because I grew up playing almost exclusively Skylanders).)

Ratchet and Clank, collecting a lot of bolts after blowing up half the screen sounds heavenly.

The series has lots of iconic sound effects



And Wolfenstein 3D is always instantly recognizable by the sound effects
 

And of course this
 
❗  ( There's some Synesthesia @shavenferret )

No need to post the sound.

Opening chests in Ocarina of Time felt incredible

Getting a new item in the Metroid Prime games really gave the sense of a new world of possibilities opening up

And yes it sounds exactly like Metroids. Both series were released in the same year I think.

My fave sound in games is a good metal clanking when a character walks or runs. Their armor/weapons and such.