Scoobes said:
That may well be part of it, but I don't see that as the only cause and I don't think the effect is going to be short-term. A lot of jobs that didn't require a degrees or a raft of qualifications have been replaced by automation. Capitalism pushes everything to become more efficient and that means replacing humans with reliable machinary. This trend looks to increase as we get things like self-driving cars that could have a massive impact on jobs in a number of sectors. Or the self-checkout systems in supermarkets reducing the need for staff to work the tills. Even in science research a robot/computer has been built that runs experiments, analyses the results and designs the next set of experiments based on those results. There are simply less basic jobs to go round and semi-skilled jobs are likely to be replaced too. The same is going to happen in developing countries in a relatively short space of time given the speed of communication in modern day society.
The result is younger people need to get high value degrees to get even low-level jobs. More people getting degrees devalues the degree meaning a post-grad qualifiction becomes important resulting in more debt (and time) before getting to the lowest rung of the career ladder. All this whilst the cost of living is disproportionately high compared to salaries. Basically, we're getting to a point where there won't be enough jobs to go round. Generation Y is the most educated, knowledgable and qualified generation in the history of human civilization, but they're struggling to thrive and pay for the generation that preceded them.
You asked for alternatives to capitalism so I'd recommend giving 'Post-capitalism: a guide to our future' by Paul Mason a read. I don't agree with everything in it but it has some interesting ideas that could be worth exploring.
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Automation has been a problem since the industrial revolution, and never was it the death of the human workforce. In fact, the opposite has been true. There were always newer, better, and more specialized jobs created by the economic growth that was induced by capital creation/accumulation. At the end of the 18th century an overwhelming majority of Americans worked on farms. At the end of 19th century most people worked in manufacturing and resource gathering positions. That lasted until the end of the 20th century. Today most Americans work in the service economy. And I can see the entertainment and tourism economies growing as well as more people in the world have disposable income. Until we get artificial intelligence (which will likely occur/cause a post-scarcity society for living goods) trained human labor will be valuable and there will always be plenty of things we need humans to do.
The problem with college graduates getting low positions after graduating isn't necessarily that the level of degree is devalued, but rather the degree choices are distorted (not entirely decided by market factors.) There is plenty of scarcity in STEM fields. I know plenty of people for example, with no formal degree in software engineering/IT getting positions just because they teach themselves how to program/troubleshoot and there is a shortage in software development/networking. The same holds true for engineering and many areas of scientific research, finance, the health industry, etc. The problem is that people insist on getting a psychology, liberal arts, sociology, english, history, or any other oversaturated (but easy) degree and then find that they aren't very different from a few million other people applying for the same, limited, positions. Why do they do this? Because they aren't realizing the risks/costs vs. rewards until after they graduate. Student loans allow them to do that. That is why I view it as a short term problem. Eventually people are going to realize that we have a shortage in the STEM fields and regardless of how hard it is for them to do it, they'll get their foot in the door. As technology develops so will the number of jobs. As science develops so will the number of specialities and jobs. So on and so on. The car wasn't the end of the stable keeper, and I really don't see the current technology boom as the end of the current labor force.