They're both competing for people in the dedicated console market.
To a lesser extent, they're competing with the universal media/communication machines, like iPads, mobile phones, Smart TV, and PCs.
To an even lesser extent, they're competing with other forms of media such as YouTube and Netflix-style streaming services.
On the arguments you made. I find some considerable problems with them. First, I find the arguments in favour fall short of what they could achieve:
On the first batch:
1. This encompasses multiple points, but I don't think you make the strongest cases you can with these arguments because it's not only that they make hardware. Dedicated console purchasers are a specific market niche. The differing features don't change that.
2. "Core gamers" isn't a niche. This is a pretentious term used by insecure gamers and marketing people to try and artificially make certain gaming habits/games look more important. You can call it a species of gimmick, in other words.
Second, I find the arguments against to be evasive of the relevant point or are straight-up non-sequiturs (pointing out a fact that doesn't make the proposed argument):
1. The fact that Switch is a hybrid console while PS5 is strictly a home console is a great argument for why Switch is more successful, but it doesn't make any kind of argument that they aren't in competition with each other. All the lifting is done by "they have different features" while ignoring the similarities in an attempt to make it look like a valid argument. For example, you wouldn't say that Tesla isn't in competition with General Motors simply because Tesla focuses on EVs while GM focuses on gas-powered vehicles.
2. Arguing that people own both consoles is just pointing out a fact; it isn't an argument that they aren't in competition with each other. Owning products of competing brands is common in most niches. If someone uses toothpastes of different brands, it doesn't mean those brands don't compete. In fact, this is better at making the opposite argument as it means that purchasers are indeed weighing in on what system to buy games for and what system to play games on.
3. Metallica vs Taylor Swift are specific products akin to Animal Crossing versus Call of Duty. While you say they don't compete, their record labels Universal and Warner Bros certainly do compete with each other, and the various platforms that play their music, like Apple Music and Spotify, certainly do compete with each other.
4. I'll add that they target the same niches in advertising and communities; and advertise on the same media platforms and sub-categories, the same trade shows, and the same magazines/e-zines. Website communities (like this one) are most often for both Nintendo and PlayStation gamers with strong numbers from both fanbases, while PC/mobile discussion is often considerably less.
5. And I'll add another: they compete for exclusive content specific to the dedicated console arena; they're constantly courting the same third-party developers to release their content on one platform, not the other. Sony and Nintendo are territorial against each other. If anything, Microsoft is the one who is less competitive on this front.
Last edited by Jumpin - 3 days ago