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Forums - Nintendo Discussion - Digital Foundry: Nintendo Switch CPU and GPU clock speeds revealed

This is worrying for 3rd party support. It will be fine for 1st party games. Cheap price and desirability to casuals will still see it being very successful.



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Well, this reduces the chances of getting many ports of AAA games from western developers, on the other hand this gives me more hopes for the battery life and price, 2 fundamental things to make this a good product.

The machine is still an impressive piece of tech, still the most powerful handheld console released and with a huge difference from Vita going by flops alone, which by the way, they are not the word of God, Flops are the new bits, remember when Atari Jaguar was a 64 bit console that couldn't even match Sega Saturn's power?

This thing will get a lot of Nintendo support thanks to the unified library, a ton of Japanese third party support thanks to its imminent success there and some 3rd party support from western developers to see if their games have some extra appeal on the go, now if the console ends up being successful on the west, western support will come soon or later despite power, same happened with handhelds, and I think it will, this will be a cheap and sexy hybrid machine plenty of Nintendo support, with very impressive graphics for a handheld, it will do well (unless they fuck it up on something else).



spemanig said:
bigtakilla said:

I never said the power thing was a rumor. 

I said that "The rumor was that it was delayed for software, not hardware" responding to you saying that the Switch was presumadly delayed for better hardware, and you responded with a quote supporting your presumption. I don't understand what's going on here. We "know" why the Switch was delayed. It was for software, not for hardware. It doesn't matter whether or not you said the power thing was a rumor. There's no reason to presume anything when there is a rumor from a reliable source that conflicts it.

We don't "know" anything, that's why they're called rumors.



SWORDF1SH said:
This is worrying for 3rd party support. It will be fine for 1st party games. Cheap price and desirability to casuals will still see it being very successful.

Depends which casuals you are talking about. I think right now Nintendo is having a little trouble getting them to even pay $10 for a Super Mario game on iOS. Unfortunately a lot of the casual audience has been poisoned by becoming used to free games and nothing but. 



Hiku said:
spemanig said:

Third party support from From Soft and Bethesda.

Well recall that the WiiU presentation had Call of Duty on stage. That turned out to be a one time thing.
It may be that these games won't be ports, but specifically designed for Switch.
Though overall (besides those two companies, which Nintendo may have reached out to specifically for PR) I think the list of support in general is because of these companies trust in Nintendo's portable devices, rather than home consoles.

Call of Duty is put on everything. From Soft and Bethesda are not.

I don't think the trust in portable devices has anything to do with it. Bethesda was explicit about their stance on power, and From was explicit about their stance on Nintendo's audience with their games. The Switch had to do something to change their minds.

It might still be power, given what Thraktor has said.



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Goodnightmoon said:
Well, this reduces the chances of getting many ports of AAA games from western developers, on the other hand this gives me more hopes for the battery life and price, 2 fundamental things to make this a good product.

The machine is still an impressive piece of tech, still the most powerful handheld console released and with a huge difference from Vita going by flops alone, which by the way, they are not the word of God, Flops are the new bits, remember when Atari Jaguar was a 64 bit console that couldn't even match Sega Saturn's power?

This thing will get a lot of Nintendo support thanks to the unified library, a ton of Japanese third party support thanks to its imminent success there and some 3rd party support from western developers to see if their games have some extra appeal on the go, now if the console ends up being successful on the west, western support will come soon or later despite power, same happened with handhelds, and I think it will, this will be a cheap, sexy machine plenty of Nintendo support, with very impressive graphics for a handheld, it will do well (unless they fuck it up on something else)

Unfortunately if you are a home console gamer, it doesnt offer much.



http://www.neogaf.com/forum/showpost.php?p=226861686&postcount=2358


Numbers can say anything, if EG are right the are still 4 different configuration as pointed out here, news doesn't really tell us much different or change much from any previous rumour.



This is great post from NeoGaf guy who know the matter:

http://www.neogaf.com/forum/showpost.php?p=226861686&postcount=2358


I haven't had time to read through every response here, so I'm probably repeating what others have already said, but here are my thoughts on the matter, anyway:

CPU Clock

This isn't really surprising, given (as predicted) CPU clocks stay the same between portable and docked mode to make sure games don't suddenly become CPU limited when running in portable mode.

The overall performance really depends on the core configuration. An octo-core A72 setup at 1GHz would be pretty damn close to PS4's 1.6GHZ 8-core Jaguar CPU. I don't necessarily expect that, but a 4x A72 + 4x A53 @ 1GHz should certainly be able to provide "good enough" performance for ports, and wouldn't be at all unreasonable to expect.

Memory Clock

This is also pretty much as expected as 1.6GHz is pretty much the standard LPDDR4 clock speed (which I guess confirms LPDDR4, not that there was a huge amount of doubt). Clocking down in portable mode is sensible, as lower resolution means smaller framebuffers means less bandwidth needed, so they can squeeze out a bit of extra battery life by cutting it down.

Again, though, the clock speed is only one factor. There are two other things that can come into play here. The second factor, obviously enough, is the bus width of the memory. Basically, you're either looking at a 64 bit bus, for 25.6GB/s, or a 128 bit bus, for 51.2GB/s of bandwidth. The third is any embedded memory pools or cache that are on-die with the CPU and GPU. Nintendo hasn't shied away from large embedded memory pools or cache before (just look at the Wii U's CPU, its GPU, the 3DS SoC, the n3DS SoC, etc., etc.), so it would be quite out of character for them to avoid such customisations this time around. Nvidia's GPU architectures from Maxwell onwards use tile-based rendering, which allows them to use on-die caches to reduce main memory bandwidth consumption, which ties in quite well with Nintendo's habits in this regard. Something like a 4MB L3 victim cache (similar to what Apple uses on their A-series SoCs) could potentially reduce bandwidth requirements by quite a lot, although it's extremely difficult to quantify the precise benefit.

GPU Clock

This is where things get a lot more interesting. To start off, the relationship between the two clock speeds is pretty much as expected. With a target of 1080p in docked mode and 720p in undocked mode, there's a 2.25x difference in pixels to be rendered, so a 2.5x difference in clock speeds would give developers a roughly equivalent amount of GPU performance per pixel in both modes.

Once more, though, and perhaps most importantly in this case, any interpretation of the clock speeds themselves is entirely dependent on the configuration of the GPU, namely the number of SMs (also ROPs, front-end blocks, etc, but we'll assume that they're kept in sensible ratios).

Case 1: 2 SMs - Docked: 384 GF FP32 / 768 GF FP16 - Portable: 153.6 GF FP32 / 307.2 GF FP16

I had generally been assuming that 2 SMs was the most likely configuration (as, I believe, had most people), simply on the basis of allowing for the smallest possible SoC which could meet Nintendo's performance goals. I'm not quite so sure now, for a number of reasons.

Firstly, if Nintendo were to use these clocks with a 2 SM configuration (assuming 20nm), then why bother with active cooling? The Pixel C runs a passively cooled TX1, and although people will be quick to point out that Pixel C throttles its GPU clocks while running for a prolonged time due to heat output, there are a few things to be aware of with Pixel C. Firstly, there's a quad-core A57 CPU cluster at 1.9GHz running alongside it, which on 20nm will consume a whopping 7.39W when fully clocked. Switch's CPU might be expected to only consume around 1.5W, by comparison. Secondly, although I haven't been able to find any decent analysis of Pixel C's GPU throttling, the mentions of it I have found indicate that, although it does throttle, the drop in performance is relatively small, and as it's clocked about 100MHz above Switch to begin with it may only be throttling down to a 750MHz clock or so even under prolonged workloads. There is of course the fact that Pixel C has an aluminium body to allow for easier thermal dissipation, but it likely would have been cheaper (and mechanically much simpler) for Nintendo to adopt the same approach, rather than active cooling.

Alternatively, we can think of it a different way. If Switch has active cooling, then why clock so low? Again assuming 20nm, we know that a full 1GHz clock shouldn't be a problem for active cooling, even with a very small quiet fan, given the Shield TV (which, again, uses a much more power-hungry CPU than Switch). Furthermore, if they wanted a 2.5x ratio between the two clock speeds, that would give a 400MHz clock in portable mode. We know that the TX1, with 2 SMs on 20nm, consumes 1.51W (GPU only) when clocked at about 500MHz. Even assuming that that's a favourable demo for the TX1, at 20% lower clock speed I would be surprised if a 400MHz 2 SM GPU would consume any more than 1.5W. That's obviously well within the bounds for passive cooling, but even being very conservative with battery consumption it shouldn't be an issue. The savings from going from 400MHz to 300MHz would perhaps only increase battery life by about 5-10% tops, which makes it puzzling why they'd turn down the extra performance.

Finally, the recently published Switch patent application actually explicitly talks about running the fan at a lower RPM while in portable mode, and doesn't even mention the possibility of turning it off while running in portable mode. A 2 SM 20nm Maxwell GPU at ~300MHz shouldn't require a fan at all, and although it's possible that they've changed their mind since filing the patent in June, it begs the question of why they would even consider running the fan in portable mode if their target performance was anywhere near this.

Case 2: 3 SMs - Docked: 576 GF FP32 / 1,152 GF FP16 - Portable: 230.4 GF FP32 / 460.8 GF FP16

This is a bit closer to the performance level we've been led to expect, and it does make a little bit of sense from the perspective of giving a little bit over TX1 performance at lower power consumption. (It also matches reports of overclocked TX1s in early dev kits, as you'd need to clock a bit over the standard 1GHz to reach docked performance here.) Active cooling while docked makes sense for a 3 SM GPU at 768MHz, although wouldn't be needed in portable mode. It still leaves the question of why not use 1GHz/400MHz clocks, as even with 3 SMs they should be able to get by with passive cooling at 400MHz, and battery consumption shouldn't be that much of an issue.

Case 3: 4 SMs - Docked: 768 GF FP32 / 1,536 GF FP16 - Portable: 307.2 GF FP32 / 614.4 GF FP16

This would be on the upper limit of what's been expected, performance wise, and the clock speeds start to make more sense at this point, as portable power consumption for the GPU would be around the 2W mark, so further clock increases may start to effect battery life a bit too much (not that 400-500MHz would be impossible from that point of view, though). Active cooling would be necessary in docked mode, but still shouldn't be needed in portable mode (except perhaps if they go with a beefier CPU config than expected).

Case 4: More than 4 SMs

I'd consider this pretty unlikely, but just from the point of view of "what would you have to do to actually need active cooling in portable mode at these clocks", something like 6 SMs would probably do it (1.15 TF FP32/2.3 TF FP16 docked, 460 GF FP32/920 GF FP16 portable), but I wouldn't count on that. For one, it's well beyond the performance levels that reliable-so-far journalists have told us to expect, but it would also require a much larger die than would be typical for a portable device like this (still much smaller than PS4/XBO SoCs, but that's a very different situation).

TL:DR

Each of these numbers are only a single variable in the equation, and we need to know things like CPU configuration, memory bus width, embedded memory pools, number of GPU SMs, etc. to actually fill out the rest of those equations to get the relevant info. Even on the worst end of the spectrum, we're still getting by far the most ambitious portable that Nintendo's ever released, which also doubles as a home console that's noticeably higher performing than Wii U, which is fine by me.



Wyrdness said:
http://www.neogaf.com/forum/showpost.php?p=226861686&postcount=2358


Numbers can say anything, if EG are right the are still 4 different configuration as pointed out here, news doesn't really tell us much different or change much from any previous rumour.

Could be 3 SMs, but I think 4 is probably a fantasy even Thraktor says so. In reality, seeing as how this is Nintendo, it's probably 2 SMs. 

The memory bandwidth would be higher than 25GB/sec if Nintendo was aiming for a machine well beyond the Wii U. 

To be honest seeing basically all the games in the Switch trailer look like Wii U games or Wii U games on steroids should have been a pretty giant tip off. 

I don't think Nintendo really even wants higher graphics performance. What's the benefit to them? Higher development costs? You think that appeals to Nintendo in any way, shape, or form. They're barely now just coming to grips with Wii U development (Zelda has taken them like 5 years to finish, lol), they were never going to do a huge generational upgrade in just 4 years time, not when Sony/MS spent like 8 years in that graphics range. 



bigtakilla said:
spemanig said:

I said that "The rumor was that it was delayed for software, not hardware" responding to you saying that the Switch was presumadly delayed for better hardware, and you responded with a quote supporting your presumption. I don't understand what's going on here. We "know" why the Switch was delayed. It was for software, not for hardware. It doesn't matter whether or not you said the power thing was a rumor. There's no reason to presume anything when there is a rumor from a reliable source that conflicts it.

We don't "know" anything, that's why they're called rumors.

We can infer that an explicit rumor from a source that has been correct so far about Switch leaks is more reliable than anyone's random speculation based on literally nothing.