Dr.Henry_Killinger on 04 May 2015
The temperature gradient between the poles and the equator is caused primarily by the Earth being spherical.
The Sun's rays hit more surface area in the poles because its curved.(near parallel 2 Sun), and less in the equator because its flatter(perpendicular). Since the heat is distributed over less area in the Equator, that heat is concentrated and its hotter. At the poles that heat is distributed over a large area, so it is diffused.
Also lunar eclipses.
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