I was wrong about my idea of a space elevator, but perhaps a space gun would be a lot cheaper than a space elevator and more efficient than a conventional rocket.
Concerning the location of space elevators, I believe that a space elevator should be located at the equator and be perpindicular to the spin of the Earth's axis. The rotation of the Earth will push the space elevators cable to be perpindicular with the axis, so a space elevator on the equator would have the shortest cable distance from Earth while a space elevator in, say, California would have a longer cable distance since it would protrude from the Earth at an angle.
Think about a rotating a string around your arm. The string will be perpindicular to the spin of your arm. Now think about a string attached to a rotating sphere. The string has the largest distance from the sphere when it is attached at the equator, and as you move the string away from the equator the distance, which is measured directly above sphere's surface to the end of the string, decreases since the string is at an angle. If anything, a space elevator would need to be at the equator to be more economical.