This is a very interesting topic, although it's generally hard to discuss with Americans, as it seems like we're speaking in different languages. ^^
The way I see it, there's a spectrum with two ends. On one end is the thought that government should stay out of people's lives and just handle maybe the police or legislation, while on the other there is only the state and no private enterprise. You could call them capitalism and socialism, but I'm terribly hesitant in using those labels.
Of course that's purely one dimensional, and a doubly better one would have a second axis for social matters. On one end is no human rights or voting for anyone, and the legalize-all-drugs-even-heroin crowd on the other. This is how I understood the system by The Political Compass, anyway. It places me in the middle of the bottom-left quadrant, which I think is about right in social matters, but a bit exaggerated economically.
... I had some more points, but should really go now. Somebody please comment on what I said, so I'll something to get back to later. ^^