Squilliam said:
Intel chips actually have very low variability within their range. This is the reason why it is very common that a lesser chip can be overclocked substantially without raising voltage. The various speed bins for these chips are more artificial and an artifact of the lack of competition within the market place.
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It's partly what you pay for with Intel. Of course the other part of that is the warrantee coverage, that more or less guarantees that the chip won't crap out prematurely (naturally invalid once you start overclocking).
Binning is still essentially based upon where a given chip was cut from a silicon wafer though, which theoretically determines any variances in composition that could lead to greater or lesser efficiency before the chips are even etched.
Whether it really makes a $700 difference between a $300 processor and a $1000 processor cut from the same wafer is pretty wide open to debate though.
But serious overclockers will actively seek out specific lots of processors from a given plant at a given time if the chips being produced when those stars were aligned resulted in chips that were unusually good overclockers.