I think that people are generalizing a bit too much when it comes to this subject.
Can exclusivity help certain games perform better than if they were multiplatform? Absolutely. At the same juncture, though, going multiplatform can also greatly boost the performance of certain games.
Personally, I feel that it comes down to a case-by-case basis on whether exclusivity is the better option for a game. For example, I feel that the Gears of War series' exclusivity has greatly boosted its sales compared to how it would have performed if it was multiplatform. It's amassed a huge following, and it's one of the first titles that 360 enthusiasts list when they're trumpeting the 360's library. Had it been multiplatform, I have no doubt that it would have been successful, but I'm somewhat skeptical that it would have been as successful or if it would have amassed the same devoted following that it currently has.
On the other side of the coin, though, I think that a game like Dead Rising 2 going multiplatform hurt its sales in the long run, compared to what it would have been if the series had stayed 360-exclusive. There was a certain love that many 360 owners had for the first game, and I've seen (admittedly anecdotally) that much of that love was lost when the sequel was released.
Do I think that a significant portion of that can be attributed to the series going multiplatform? Absolutely. Had the series stayed exclusive, I believe that the reviews would have been better, and that the fanbase would have been more likely to enjoy the title to a greater degree.
For one final example, I'll mention Enslaved. Had the title been a Playstation 3 exclusive, I believe that the title would have performed significantly better than it did as a multiplatform game.
Enthusiasts of any platform are far more apt to pick up an exclusive title, as it's something that their console of choice has that another console doesn't. Because of that, I think that titles (and new IP's especially) have a far higher chance of building up a fanbase and racking up sales than games that go multiplatform right off the bat do.
There's also the argument of the quality of games in the first place, the quality of the ports to the other system, the post-release DLC support for the other console's port, and how much games would have sold had they stayed exclusive in the first place, but in my mind I think that it comes down to a 25-75 split when it comes to games that would have benefitted from staying console-exclusive compared to games that benefit from going multiplatform.
It all comes down to a judgment call on the part of the game companies.