Pitfall when I was a toddler, Fantasy Zone and Alex Kids a couple years later. Altered Beast and Sonic a few years after that. Super Metroid and Earthbound after that,. Ridge Racer when PSX came out. Halo:CE when I was a young adult. All of those games I consider important to my love of gaming, and I also think of the Super Mario and Mario RPGs as important, though less so. More recently, I'd say Destiny 1 & 2, TW3, and BOTW have been significant to me.
I guess if I have to choose 1 single game, it would be Pitfall. I was just 2-3 years old, but I was hooked once I finally beat the first level. My dad got me into gaming young. Incidentally, we was a gamer from the early days, right up until his death a few years ago. He loved JRPGs.
The second most significant would be Halo: CE. Some of my fondest gaming memories come from a multi-day marathon co-op session with my little brother over Thanksgiving weekend 2001. Those warm memories are part of what brought me back to gaming after I had gotten away from it as a teenager.