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Realistically, as long as we continue seeing the kinds of technological advancements that increase our ability to produce higher density cities, we continue to see the increase in efficiency we have for the past several centuries, and we can actually take advantage of the abundant energy resources available I see little reason to believe that the earth could not support 10 times its current population with each individual having a standard of living higher than most people in the western world have today.

It may not be desireable to live in a city with 4 times the population density of New York, but that doesn't mean that the earth couldn't support us.