If you take out RROD of costs the 360 probably would have made MS a slight profit, and they would have dug that.
If anything MS learned not to rush out their next console incase stuff like the RROD happens again, and by not rushing out their console they will most likely have a nicer profit to start as well (longer product times, cheaper parts at launch). Either way I don't foresee MS putting out another console for 2 years, maybe longer, at the earliest due to the RROD and next gen costs.
Also, MS wants to rule the living room just like everyone else. They want to be your portable music device (Zune) phone (MS Outlook and other MS mobile) gaming system (XBox 360) and your base of operations (Windows OS... what are you actually using a Mac and/or Linux? lol).
It's just that simple.
