Well if you're talking on an individual level, that just depends on every person. We all grow up with our own values which are influenced by our society and people around us. We mainly rely on dogs as companions and to protect us and our property, so we have a bond with them. It's natural that we'd be more reluctant to want to harm them.
Other animals have a similar system set up. They cooperate with certain other species and don't bother each other, sometimes they even rely on each other, but they'll go after other animals for food or territorial reasons.








