Well, they're technically astronomy, but whatever.

1) If the moon is constantly orbiting the Earth, why is it that we only see it regularly during nighttime?

2) If there were a planet oribiting the sun and was equidistant from the sun as Earth, how would we know if that planet existed?

Very random questions out of the blue. Just want a couple answers that don't include highly-confusing science mumbo-jumbo.

EDIT: In accordance with not letting this damn thread die, post any sciency questions you have here.

Look over here! It's the current question(s) I want to know:

3) Why is the water atom polar?

4) What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonding?

You can still see it in the day, It's just not that bright because the suns light is too powerful. At night we see the moon because it's reflectling the sun's light and that's why we only see parts of the moon  because only part of the moon is facing the sun. But it's not always possitioned opposite of where you live on earth. According to the lunar calender you see it 15 days of every 30 days 30 out of every 60 days(ie on  one half side of the earth's orbit).

I don't get the second question.

1) We can see it druing the day.

2) When we saw it.

If you look hard enough a lot of times you can see the moon during day time. For the second one I'm sure they sent out satellites to the other side of the sun sometime. But maybe not.

The second question means if a Planet X was on the other side of the sun, how would we know it existed?

1) I can see it during the day a lot of the time

2) Its mass would distort the gravitational field and have a measurable effect on the motion of nearby planets. This is how we detect black holes too.

#2 does not mean that the planet is on the other side of the sun. It just means that it is the same distance from the sun as the earth is. So your question is actually pretty pointless since we could just look straight at it unless it happened to be on the opposite side of the sun. We could then use a whole bunch of various methods to easily see it since it isn't that far away.

Hi, here are some answers I hope will help you:

1) The reason for this should be under the same reason we do not see stars during the day, regularly. Stars and to a lesser extent, the moon do not have a high enough magnitude to overcome the brightness of the sun. When the moon is full or new, it projects the highest amount of sunlight possible to the earth, and usually does break through to where you can see it in the day time. Also, the tilt of the earth does not always equate to the angle of the moon, which further constrains the issue of seeing the moon regularly. However, in some rare cases, even, we can see other planets during the daytime. Venus and Mars are sometimes seen when they reach close proximity to the earth.

2) You should be able to detect the equidistant planet by a number of means:

- Spacecraft sent from the Earth to other planets/objects should detect another planet that is equidistant from earth
- Any radio signal should bounce off of the other planet and return to earth, as it would take time for such a signal to reach said planet and return to earth

I'm sure there are more ways to detect such a planet, but those are 2 I can think of quickly. If you study, we have already found asteroids that circle the sun behind the earth - That is, the earth has drug their orbit into a similar pattern to earth. We've detected such objects that are almost equidistant, so we should be under the assumption that if there was a planet, we would have easily seen it by now.

OK. Questions answered.

This thing can be locked or whatever.

Well the question is pretty much pointless as he's assuming the planet would be in the very same orbit as Earth... Unless there was a perfect equation keeping one of the planets from being slightly faster or slower than the other, I would be more worried about the collision to be honest.