I'm probably disqualified outright from this particular group since even Finnish hardcore right-wingers are more to the left than your so-called socialists and I consider myself to be center-leftist, but I'll take a look anyway since I'm bored. :p
School Choice. Currently, American youth are forced into government-monopolized schools. Many of our youth face failing schools, incompetent teachers, and no way out of their predicament. No choice is permitted to children, or their families, in many cases. Private schools are expensive, and in many cases, homeschool is severely restricted.
Honestly? Over here, your choice of school isn't restricted in any way (IIRC) - you can pick any school you want, from any municipality/city you want, at any level (elementary/secondary/tertiary). You don't even have to use a government-funded school - there are several alternatives like private schools and Steiner schools, and even homeschooling if you choose to do so.
We have a duty to learn, but the method of learning isn't enforced.
But then again, stirring up enthusiasm for learning can't really be done by schools alone.
Solution: Privatize social security, and allow freedom of choice in each Americans investment. Did you know that, as a government employee of the State of Ohio, I (Mrstickball) earned 10% APY from my plan? Such returns are repeatable if they are given into individual plans, instead of a one-size-fits-all plan. Each citizen should be allowed to invest their retirement where they see fit. If they are unable to choose, then a default plan will always be there for them.
Haven't really looked into this, but it seems to be more free around here as well: As far as I know, there isn't a single pension plan for everyone, and everyone can influence their own pension plan, at least to an extent.
And wouldn't a completely privatized social security have problems with proper allocation of help where it's needed?
Health Care. A difficult discussion. Although we affirm the need that health care should be for everyone, it is an unfortunate aspect of society that not everyone is willing to bear responsibility for a healthy lifestyle. Should a 30 year old, healthy man pay an extra premium for a 40 year old smoker that is 400lbs overweight? Yet under most federal plans, this will be the outcome.
It is, but stupid lifestyle choices shouldn't affect one's value as a human being. And for the record - Finland has universal health care without stuff like "fat tax" or "smoking tax". Smokers blow a metric buttload of money on tobacco annually anyway and end up crippling themselves along the way, anyway.
Vices. Drugs, Alcohol, Tobacco, Prostitution. As a Christian, I am deeply opposed to these things, and hate them with a passion. Yet as a libertarian, one must be free to make ones own choices. The Apostle Paul reminded us 'Everything is permissible for me, but not everything is beneficial'. As libertarians, we live by this creed. Although life is fraught with questionable activities, it is always better to err on the side of freedom than on the sdie of censorship.
I can agree with this and the solution. The pointlessly hard stance on drugs causes problems here as well.
As far as taxation goes... well, I live in a welfare state, a vast majority of people and political parties support it (even the right-wingers), and it simply works around here. Kinda expected, huh?
Around here, a flat tax would be set too high, thus putting too much pressure on the lower (-middle) income classes. A progressive tax, on the other hand, ends up screwing the upper-middle and high classes - which is by no means a great solution, but the better choice out of the two. Plus, we have progressive fines to discourage rich idiots from breaking the law and paying a pittance instead of actually getting punished.
Welfare and Giving.
Not to sound like an ass, but that sounds awfully naive.
As for the rest:
I agree that US should withdraw its forces from at least Europe. Maybe that will push some people to create a coherent armed forces for the rest of EU instead of relying on NATO for intimidation.
And I don't think anyone cares for bloated bureucracy.
I don't think ANY nation on the planet is really ready to embrace total equality on anything (and I find your constant promotion of self-sacrifice somewhat humorous), but no real complaints besides that.