On the topic of energy consumption, photonics and neuromorphic computing will largely solve that by 2030. I recommend this video on the advancements there. Note that one of the use-cases mentioned in the video are systems that can "see" tens of millions of times faster than humans. The two applications talked about are: 1. more accurate content moderation for things like CSAM so that humans don't have to watch it and 2. Nuclear fusion confinement using very fast acting adjustments to electromagnetic fields.







