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haxxiy said:

x86 is a standard whose original patents expired a long time ago. Even the x64 core ISA is public nowadays.

The Intel-developed modern extensions (like AVX/SSE) are probably the only thing that AMD requires licenses to. Or would have required, since they're probably exempt of these based on their past cross-patent agreements with Intel.

From my understanding, Intel owns x86 instruction set, and anyone that wants to make an x86 CPU needs to get a license from them.

AMD developed the x64 extensions that Intel uses them thanks to the cross-patent agreements that both companies have.

I don't know the situation regarding newer instructions/extensions.