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The latest intelligence update from the UK's Ministry of Defence said over the past 48 hours "significant" Ukrainian operations have taken place in several sectors of eastern and southern Ukraine.

Ukrainian forces have "likely made good progress" and "penetrated the first line of Russian defences", the MoD added. However, in other areas "Ukrainian progress has been slower".

Meanwhile, Russian performance has been "mixed", with some units "likely conducting credible manoeuvre defence operations while others have pulled back in some disorder, amid increased reports of Russian casualties as they withdraw through their own minefields".

The update added: "The Russian Airforce has been unusually active over southern Ukraine, where the airspace is more permissive for Russia than in other parts of the country. However, it remains unclear whether tactical airstrikes have been effective."