An interesting question. To answer, I shall assume that to choose one is to neglect the other.
On one hand, the deeply spiritual Native Americans managed to live in harmony with their environment for millennia, favoring their spiritualism over technological advancement and, until given technology far beyond their imaginations, did not give much indication of much advancement. Though numerous tribes often went to war, humanity itself was never in peril.
At present, two nations have enough firepower to make the planet completely uninhabitable for human life, corporations and industry are catalysts for a runaway climate crisis and there's so much junk in low Earth orbit that there is a risk that accumulating debris could eventually be numerous enough to trap us here for a full century or two. These scenarios, completely impossible without great scientific achievement, puts humanity in peril.
Science has vastly improved humanity's quality and standard of living, at the possible expense of the continuity of our species. With primitive technology and virtually no mathematical/scientific knowledge, the human race could feasibly last far, far longer in spite of oppressive theocratic states endlessly murdering each other.
All things being equal, scientific knowledge/advancement poses a far greater threat to human life, but religion poses a far greater threat to a human's way of life.
