Implosion type was tested with Trinity. Cause they did not know if it would work as planned. Gun type didn't need testing, which is why they dropped it without.
Main reason for the nukes was to keep the Soviets out of Japans surrender and following negotiations as well as demonstrating power because the Soviets had the way bigger conventional army.
Why Japan did not react immediately:
Conventional bombings kept on until the 15th of august and actually no one directly realized what had happened in Hiroshima.
There's other stuff as well. The Soviets atteacked Manchukuo, basically a japanese puppet state at august 8th.
There was a discussion in the US on why spending 2 billion dollars for weapons and then not use them.
And so on. Basically there's no single and simple point. But effectively the cold war forecasted it's shadows as soon as WW II had ended, so politics against USSR was an important part.
What sucks though is the US army and scientists using Hiroshima and Nagasaki basically as big labs to study the effects of the bombings like radiation sickness.
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