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1080 = 1080 verticle lines of resolution
720, 480 = the same thing

p = Progressive Scan
i = Interlaced

Progressive Scan redraws all lines of resolution at once. Interlaced alternates between odd and even lines.

So for example if the image was refreshed once per second, then each second you would get all 1080 lines in 1080p, but only half in 1080i. The speed is much faster of course, but basically you get double the image for Progressive Scan as opposed to Interlaced (at the same resolution).