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Adinnieken said:

a) Kinect used a passive infrared system, where an area is blanketted with IR light, and the temperature/strength of that light is measured to calculate the distance.  It's a technology that's fraught with peril, as it can easily be washed out in bright sunlight. 

b) Kinect 2 uses a passive infrared system, where a laser scans the room and depth and motion is measured based on the time it takes for the light (photons) to return from the surface it's shot at.  This is the same technology used by satellites to map the earth, it's called LIDAR.  Kinect 2 is so much better than Kinect, that it is possible for Kinect 2 to measure your heart rate.  In fact, it is possible for it to detect certain medical conditions as they're happening.

a) No, the spacial shift of the random speckle pattern is transformed into depth information (in the case of Kinect, with approximative formulaes, as the exact formulaes include triangular functions, and the processor in the PrimeSense was removed by MS late in the stage).

b) Kinect2 is a tof-camera. It uses a very short IR pulse (not a laser) and measures the time of flight of the photons (hence tof) that bounce back from whatever they get reflected. The heart thing has nothing to do whatsoever with the tof camera. The only medical condition Kinect2 would be able to detect is the condition when you are lying dead on the floor.