Smartphone operating systems
IDC looked at global smartphone shipments in Q2 2012, placing Android well out in front in terms of operating system share:

Source: IDC Worldwide Mobile Phone Tracker, August 8, 2012
Gartner's analysis of global Q2 2012 smartphone sales also shows the Android operating system dominating market share:

Source: Gartner (August 2012)
Nielsen's figures for Q2 2012 in the US show Android as the leading OS with 51.8% of all currently-owned smartphones, followed by Apple's iOS at 34.3% and the RIM OS at 8.1%:

Source: Nielsen (July 2012)
They also note that the dominance of Android and iOS is even greater among more recent smartphone purchases.
A comScore survey from December 2011 for the US gives the following figures for the operating system market:

Source: comScore (February 2012)
Smartphone manufacturers
July 2012 data from IDC for worldwide smartphone sales put Apple and Samsung phones on top for Q2 2012:

Source: IDC Worldwide Mobile Phone Tracker, July 26, 2012
Apple themselves announced they sold over 37 million iPhones in Q4 2011. IDC also provide a chart showing how market share has changed across recent quarters:









