You need a schematic (usually three or four for each weapon; can find, buy and even get a few as quest rewards) and then you have to gather some components to build the weapon at a workshop. There are only 7 weapons that can be made, so it isn't all too hard.
As for the terminals, they are very easy to hack and have a certain trick into avoiding the lock out. Simply keep guessing until you have only one chance left, then exit out of the terminal and start over again.