The guy talking is Robert Drury. He was held captive on Madagascar for 15 years until going back to Europe and writing a book about it. Many people believe the book was a fraud, leaving room for the traditional Uncharted magic to take place.
The map has "memento mori" writen in a cypher. It's latin for "remember you will die"
It's uncharted 4. The four lines on the skull give it away.
The ship on the map is the Degrave.
The year 1739 is important. The cypher I previously decoded turned out to have a direct translation. I just solved it for english words, but directly translating it results in ZJZJAMC ZCIR. Since some letters can also be numbers, this can also be ZJZ17C ZC39. This is far from a coincidence since it fits perfectly within the life of Robert Drury. At this time Robert was back in Madagascar being a pirate.
Stuff from others:
Henry Every is in it based off "Every Betrayal us all"
Hodie Mecvm Eris in Paradiso is biblical. "Join me in heaven" or similar.