Joelcool7 said:
God refered to specific people during the time. I don't recall in the old testiment God saying to kill all who don't believe. He names specific tribes and people that had angered him. The jews did carry out several brutal attacks but not all of the attacks recorded in the Old Testiment were ordered by God and those that were , were specific orders not kill all that don't believe.
Even the Old Testiment clearly said "Though shalt not murder". I don't know if the Qur'an has a similiar order in it, though I have read many passages which may have been taken out of context but support killing infidel.
Also the Old Testiment is not the cornerstone of Christianity. It is the basis of Jewish beliefs. The New Testiment follows the life and teachings of Jesus Christ which supercede anything found in the Old Testiment. Why? Jesus death was meant to atone for all the sins any man commits. His sacrafice was to cleanse man of their sins as a lamb used to be sacraficed to do so. Jesus was the lamb and according to the New Testiment and Christ himself all those that believe in Jesus and follow his teachings will be forgiven of their sins and they are to try to lead all non-believers into a relationship with Christ Jesus our Lord.
So clearly the teachings of Jesus do not promote killing of anyone outside of defence. The Old Testiment is history it teaches many of God's laws. However the punishments for those who break those laws are forgiven by Jesus death. So the idea of stoning prostitutes and adulterers is replaced with showing mercy and love.
Yes prostitution, adultery and such are still wrong but Jesus teaches that no one is without sin and all should be forgiven and treated lovingly.
Making the Old Testiment more of a guidline for how to live our lives rather then law. Don't use the Old Testiment to try and make Christians look as bad as Islam! Because Christianity is not based on the Old Testiment rather the new one.
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1. OT names specific enemies.... you're right. In the same manner as the Qur'an is speaking about those the Muslim armies were currently in war with. No difference. It couldn't say "fight those other Arabs..." that is not much of a distinction since they were all the same race. Instead, it used the only other differentiating factor... religion.
The difference is, as I said before, people like to take those comments out of the context of the rest of the paragraph forcing it to stand on its own vs being specific to the war it was actually describing.
Also, an OT command to kill those who lived peacefully for ever before in their homes just because the land is being ursurped by the Jewish God in a fashion that is to kill everyone and every living thing, including plants and animals.... was far more brutal than anything described in the Qur'an in terms of its discussion to continue attacks on the pagan Arab fighters. It strickly forbids attacking children, women, animals, farms, POWs, etc.
2. "Though shalt not murder" - murder is not equal to war when you are defending yourself. Hell, the unprovoked attack on those that lived in what would become Judea was clearly murder... however, I digress. Again, the killing in the Qur'an was pertaining to current wars with Arab pagans in Mecca. These were considered defensive wars as the Meccans continuously attacked Medina and any Muslims they found.
Additionally, yes, the Qur'an has extensive parts discussing the horrible action of murder itself and just like the OT its punishable by death, however, in the Qur'an its up to the victim's family to decide and its preferred to show mercy.
[2.178] O you who believe! retaliation is prescribed for you in the matter of the slain, the free for the free, and the slave for the slave, and the female for the female, but if any remission is made to any one by his (aggrieved) brother, then prosecution (for the bloodwit) should be made according to usage, and payment should be made to him in a good manner; this is an alleviation from your Lord and a mercy; so whoever exceeds the limit after this he shall have a painful chastisement.
[5.27] And relate to them the story of the two sons of Adam with truth when they both offered an offering, but it was accepted from one of them and was not accepted from the other. He said: I I will most certainly slay you. (The other) said: Allah only accepts from those who guard (against evil).
[5.28] If you will stretch forth your hand towards me to slay me, I am not one to stretch forth my hand towards you to slay you surely I fear Allah, the Lord of the worlds:
[5.29] Surely I wish that you should bear the sin committed against me and your own sin, and so you would be of the inmates of the fire, and this is the recompense of the unjust.
[5.30] Then his mind facilitated to him the slaying of his brother so he slew him; then he became one of the losers
[5.31] Then Allah sent a crow digging up the earth so that he might show him how he should cover the dead body of his brother. He said: Woe me! do I lack the strength that I should be like this crow and cover the dead body of my brother? So he became of those who regret.
[5.32] For this reason did We prescribe to the children of Israel that whoever slays a soul, unless it be for manslaughter or for mischief in the land, it is as though he slew all men; and whoever keeps it alive, it is as though he kept alive all men; and certainly Our apostles came to them with clear arguments, but even after that many of them certainly act extravagantly in the land.
"... whoever commits murder, ..., is as if he killed all of humanity; and whoever promotes life, is as if he helps keep alive all of humanity..." - I really like this line of logic personally.
[4.93] And whoever kills a intentionally, his punishment is hell; he shall abide in it, and Allah will send His wrath on him and curse him and prepare for him a painful chastisement.
This one is really identical to "thou shall not muder" in its direct meaning.
[2.190] Fight in the cause of God those who fight you, but do not transgress limits; for God loveth not transgressors.
This one is referring to an ongoing war and it basically means to continue to fight while they fight you, but do not become the aggressor and go beyond the laws ordained for war... i.e. do not commit murder/slaughter/etc.
3. I don't want to argue about the teachings of Jesus in a general sense as he was not here to start a new religion, simply get the Jews (of which he also worshipped with) back on the right path. However, I do agree that his teachings always focused on peace and leaving the judging to God. The Qur'an does not differ in these teachings at all. You're just skipping past all the many parts that discuss this.